References in the Grail Atlas catalog made in France.
French watchmaking in the catalog concentrates in Paris, where independent workshops such as Cartier (Les Ateliers de Monaco notwithstanding) and smaller ateliers operate distinct from the Swiss supply chain. Hermès, though a French maison, sources movements from its Swiss subsidiary Vaucher Manufacture. France's strongest contribution to haute horlogerie is decorative: enamel painting, guilloché, gem-setting, and miniature painting traditions that came out of the 18th-century courtly trades.
